What is the function of leveling?

The leveling process utilizes alternately staggered and overlapping straightening rollers to apply repeated elastic-plastic deformation to the steel strip passing through them. Under conditions of significant elastic-plastic bending, regardless of the original degree of curvature, after repeated bending and springback deformation by the leveling rollers, the residual differences in curvature on the pipe billet will significantly decrease, even tending to be uniform. As the degree of repeated bending decreases, the residual curvature after springback inevitably approaches zero, gradually straightening the pipe billet and ultimately achieving a macroscopically flat steel strip that fully meets the requirements of the production process.