What is the impact of nickel content in steel pipes and galvanizing pot matrices on hot-dip galvanizing?

Nickel (Ni) is gray and belongs to the cubic or hexagonal crystal system, with a relative atomic mass of 58.69, a melting point of 1455°C, and a boiling point of approximately 2340°C. The impact of nickel on hot-dip galvanizing varies among different research methods and scholars. Some believe that, based on comparative tests conducted at a zinc bath temperature of 460°C between low-carbon steel without nickel and low-carbon steel with 5% nickel, the corrosion rate of the latter was reduced by 30% compared to the former. When the nickel content in steel reaches 8%, the thickness of the galvanized layer decreases, indicating that nickel controls the development of the ζ-phase in this context.